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Lithium is a metal element, located in the second periodic IA group of the periodic table. The element symbol is Li, its atomic number is 3, and its atomic weight is 6.941. The corresponding single substance is silver white soft metal, which is also the metal with the smallest density. Its melting point is 180.5 ℃, boiling point is 1342 ℃, specific heat capacity is 3.58 kJ/kg · K, it is soluble in nitric acid, liquid ammonia and other solutions, and can react with water. Lithium is often used in atomic reactors, light alloys, and batteries. Lithium metal can enter the human body through various channels and be absorbed by organs and tissues, leading to lithium poisoning, which can cause central nervous system poisoning and kidney failure. Lithium and its compounds are not as typical as other alkali metals, because lithium has a large charge density and a stable helium type double electron layer, which makes lithium easy to polarize other molecules or ions, but not itself. This affects the stability of it and its compounds.